PIP: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are major public health problems which often lead to serious complications and sequelae, including infertility. Infection with STDs also facilitates the transmission of HIV, making the early diagnosis and care of STDs integrated into other services one of the most cost-effective strategies to prevent the spread of HIV. The direct and indirect costs of STDs worldwide are considerable. Sub-Saharan Africa ranks first in STD yearly incidence compared to other world regions. The World Health Organization has estimated that every year in Africa there are 3.5 million cases of syphilis, 15 million cases of chlamydial disease, 16 million cases of gonorrhea, and 30 million cases of trichomoniasis. STDs are a high public health priority especially because of their widespread prevalence and treatability. Herpes simplex virus infection and human papillomavirus infection are growing problems in sub-Saharan Africa. While STDs are caused by more than 20 microorganisms, they present themselves mainly in 4 syndromes and may therefore be treated syndromically. Africa must implement effective and comprehensive integrated activities against the STD epidemic. Elements of such a strategy will include disease prevention, screening and case finding, and the early diagnosis and treatment of cases.