Anterior repression of a Drosophila stripe enhancer requires three position-specific mechanisms

Development. 2002 Nov;129(21):4931-40. doi: 10.1242/dev.129.21.4931.

Abstract

The striped expression pattern of the pair-rule gene even skipped (eve) is established by five stripe-specific enhancers, each of which responds in a unique way to gradients of positional information in the early Drosophila embryo. The enhancer for eve stripe 2 (eve 2) is directly activated by the morphogens Bicoid (Bcd) and Hunchback (Hb). As these proteins are distributed throughout the anterior half of the embryo, formation of a single stripe requires that enhancer activation is prevented in all nuclei anterior to the stripe 2 position. The gap gene giant (gt) is involved in a repression mechanism that sets the anterior stripe border, but genetic removal of gt (or deletion of Gt-binding sites) causes stripe expansion only in the anterior subregion that lies adjacent to the stripe border. We identify a well-conserved sequence repeat, (GTTT)(4), which is required for repression in a more anterior subregion. This site is bound specifically by Sloppy-paired 1 (Slp1), which is expressed in a gap gene-like anterior domain. Ectopic Slp1 activity is sufficient for repression of stripe 2 of the endogenous eve gene, but is not required, suggesting that it is redundant with other anterior factors. Further genetic analysis suggests that the (GTTT)(4)-mediated mechanism is independent of the Gt-mediated mechanism that sets the anterior stripe border, and suggests that a third mechanism, downregulation of Bcd activity by Torso, prevents activation near the anterior tip. Thus, three distinct mechanisms are required for anterior repression of a single eve enhancer, each in a specific position. Ectopic Slp1 also represses eve stripes 1 and 3 to varying degrees, and the eve 1 and eve 3+7 enhancers each contain GTTT repeats similar to the site in the eve 2 enhancer. These results suggest a common mechanism for preventing anterior activation of three different eve enhancers.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Genetically Modified
  • Bacterial Proteins*
  • Base Sequence
  • Body Patterning / genetics
  • Chromosome Mapping
  • DNA / genetics
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • Drosophila / embryology*
  • Drosophila / genetics*
  • Drosophila Proteins / genetics
  • Enhancer Elements, Genetic*
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
  • Genes, Insect*
  • Homeodomain Proteins / genetics
  • Insect Proteins / genetics
  • Lac Operon
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutation
  • Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
  • Trans-Activators / genetics
  • Transcription Factors / genetics

Substances

  • Bacterial Proteins
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Drosophila Proteins
  • Homeodomain Proteins
  • Insect Proteins
  • Trans-Activators
  • Transcription Factors
  • bcd protein, Drosophila
  • eve protein, Drosophila
  • hb protein, Drosophila
  • slp1 protein, Drosophila
  • DNA