We demonstrated recently that chronic frequent administration of an adequate biological dose of the angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 (AGM-1470, O-chloracetyl-carbamoyl fumagillol) completely inhibits spontaneous lymph node metastasis but does not have a complete response on tumor growth of nonestablished or established human metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) 253J B-V growing orthotopically into athymic nude mice. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated whether docetaxel (Taxotere) enhances the therapeutic effect of TNP-470, especially on tumor growth. Docetaxel enhanced in vitro antiproliferation but not basic fibroblast growth factor down-regulation by TNP-470 in 253J B-V and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Docetaxel significantly enhanced in vitro apoptosis by TNP-470 in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells but not in 253J B-V. In vivo combination was most effective when docetaxel was administered before TNP-470, and increased significantly the complete response on tumor growth of nonestablished and established TCCs growing orthotopically into athymic nude mice compared with either therapy alone (P < 0.05). The incidence of spontaneous lymph node metastasis was inhibited completely by the combination therapy (P < 0.05). Drug-induced body weight loss was not significantly different in any treatment groups. The combination of TNP-470 and docetaxel inhibited intratumor neovascularization, the expression of bFGF and matrix metalloproteinases type-9 compared with controls (P < 0.005), and enhanced apoptosis in tumors compared with each therapy alone (P < 0.005). These studies indicate that docetaxel markedly enhances the ability of TNP-470 to inhibit tumorigenicity and metastasis in both nonestablished and established TCCs. These effects are mediated, in part, by the complementary cytotoxicities of angiogenesis inhibition, down-regulation of bFGF and matrix metalloproteinases type-9, and induction of apoptosis.