Objective: To review the current knowledge on the problem of psychoactive substance abuse by persons with schizophrenia, with particular attention to issues of direct relevance to clinical practice.
Method: The author examined the literature from the last 2 decades and data from studies in which he was involved.
Results: Schizophrenia sufferers show an elevated liability for substance abuse. Such comorbidity may derive from self-medication attempts, a common neuropathology for addiction and schizophrenia, the psychotogenic properties of certain drugs, or the influence of environmental factors. Among schizophrenia patients receiving treatment, substance misuse is associated with more severe symptoms and poorer therapeutic response. The presence of a chronic psychosis impedes treatment of the substance problem in traditional, nonpsychiatric addiction programs. Better outcomes are observed in integrated therapy services, where patients receive appropriate care for both conditions.
Conclusion: Dual-pathology patients need comprehensive care with appropriate pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions. This treatment can be best provided within the context of a continuing care psychiatric service.