The cellular transplantation in the myocardium or cellular cardiomyoplasty has been tested extensively among the animal. It showed very encouraging results concerning improval of the contractile function in cardiac failure. This work is going to review the set of the experimentations in the animal and the beginnings of the therapeutic tests. It is going to expose the different technical modes that have been proposed, the conditions of their realization, the problems to which they are exposed as well as the perspectives of future.