Amplitude modulation waveforms can contain complex patterns of modulation frequency and depth that are characteristic of many biologically relevant sounds. To investigate the mechanisms involved in the processing of such patterns, we measured detection thresholds for second-order amplitude modulation (AM), a sinusoidal AM in which AM depth varies with time at frequency f(m)'. Second-order AM generates sidebands in the modulation spectrum on either side of the frequency components introduced by the first-order AM. Previous masking studies suggested that a distortion product located at f(m)' contributes to the detection of second-order AM. This hypothesis was tested by masking the putative distortion product using a noise modulation masker centred on (1) the second-order modulation frequency (f(m)'=2 Hz) and (2) the first-order modulation frequency (f(m)=16 Hz). The second-order AM was applied to a 5-kHz pure-tone carrier. Increasing the depth of a 2-Hz-wide noise modulator masker centred on 2 Hz had little effect on detection thresholds for second-order AM, but increased detection thresholds for 2-Hz first-order AM six-fold. Increasing the depth of an 8-Hz-wide noise modulator masker centred on 16 Hz increased detection thresholds for both first- and second-order AM three-fold. These results show that the detection of the second-order AM, when f(m)' is 2 Hz, is not dependent on the detection of modulation at f(m)' but is dependent on the detection of modulation components centred on f(m).