Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a lymphoproliferative skin disease with limited therapeutic options. Ten CTCL patients were treated with once-weekly intranodal injection of 1 x 106 mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with 100 microg/mL tumor lysate protein equivalent and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (50 microg/mL). Tumor-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions developed in 8 of 8 patients challenged with tumor-lysate-pulsed DCs and in 3 of 8 patients challenged with tumor lysate alone. Three of 5 patients showed significant tumor-lysate-specific increases of in vitro peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation coinciding with increased interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) production. Five of 10 (50%) patients had objective responses. Four patients had partial responses (PRs). Two are still in PR, and the other 2 patients had a mean PR duration of 10.5 months. One patient had a complete response (CR) for 19 months that is ongoing. The remaining 5 patients had progressive disease. In the 5 responder patients, 6.8 +/- 1.4 vaccinations were necessary to induce an objective clinical response. Response was associated with low tumor burden. Continuation of vaccinations with new tumor lysate derived from progressive lesions reinduced treatment responses in 2 patients in PR. Selected patients had massive infiltration of CD8+ and TIA+ cytotoxic T cells at the site of regressing lesions and molecular remission after therapy. Intranodal injection of autologous tumor-lysate-pulsed DCs is well-tolerated and achieves immunologic and objective clinical responses in selected CTCL patients.