Random mutagenesis of the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor expressed in yeast. Identification of point mutations that "silence" a constitutively active mutant M3 receptor and greatly impair receptor/G protein coupling

J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 8;278(32):30248-60. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M304991200. Epub 2003 May 15.

Abstract

The M3 muscarinic receptor is a prototypical member of the class I family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). To facilitate studies on the structural mechanisms governing M3 receptor activation, we generated an M3 receptor-expressing yeast strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that requires agonist-dependent M3 receptor activation for cell growth. By using receptor random mutagenesis followed by a genetic screen in yeast, we initially identified a point mutation at the cytoplasmic end of transmembrane domain (TM) VI (Q490L) that led to robust agonist-independent M3 receptor signaling in both yeast and mammalian cells. To explore further the molecular mechanisms by which point mutations can render GPCRs constitutively active, we subjected a region of the Q490L mutant M3 receptor that included TM V-VII to random mutagenesis. We then applied a yeast genetic screen to identify second-site mutations that could suppress the activating effects of the Q490L mutation and restore wild-type receptor-like function to the Q490L mutant receptor. This analysis led to the identification of 12 point mutations that allowed the Q490L mutant receptor to function in a fashion similar to the wild-type receptor. These amino acid substitutions mapped to two distinct regions of the M3 receptor, the exofacial segments of TM V and VI and the cytoplasmic ends of TM V-VII. Strikingly, in the absence of the activating Q490L mutation, all recovered point mutations severely reduced the efficiency of receptor/G protein coupling, indicating that the targeted residues play important roles in receptor activation and/or receptor/G protein coupling. This strategy should be generally applicable to identify sites in GPCRs that are critically involved in receptor function.

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Blotting, Western
  • COS Cells
  • Carbachol / pharmacology
  • Cattle
  • Cell Division
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism
  • Cytoplasm / metabolism
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • GTP-Binding Proteins / chemistry*
  • Kinetics
  • Ligands
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutagenesis
  • Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
  • Mutation
  • Plasmids / metabolism
  • Point Mutation
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Rats
  • Receptor, Muscarinic M3
  • Receptors, Muscarinic / chemistry*
  • Receptors, Muscarinic / genetics*
  • Rhodopsin / chemistry
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction

Substances

  • Ligands
  • Receptor, Muscarinic M3
  • Receptors, Muscarinic
  • Carbachol
  • Rhodopsin
  • GTP-Binding Proteins