The goal of this study was to determine the relationship among lipid concentrations, cytokine concentrations, and clinical outcomes of burn patients. Twenty-eight patients admitted within 24 hours of burn injury, segregated based on burn size, had blood samples drawn 24 and 48 hours after burn injury and then weekly for 3 weeks. Measurements included total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, interleukin (IL)-6, soluble IL-2 receptor, and soluble necrosis factor p55 and p75 receptors. Infection, length of stay (LOS), and survival were monitored. Cholesterol and lipoprotein concentrations decreased by at least 40% in patients with burns >20% total body surface area and inversely correlated with IL-6. Lower cholesterol and higher IL-6 values correlated with higher infection rates and longer LOS. IL-6 was the strongest predictor for LOS. In conclusion, outcomes after burn injury are related to low cholesterol and elevated IL-6 levels.