This article reviews recent advances and recommendation changes in the areas of immunization, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and animal-induced injury. Physician education of families and care of patients in these three topic areas are important public health measures. First, pediatricians are always actively promoting public health through immunization, so the 2003 vaccination recommendations are critiqued along with perceived barriers to proper immunization. New information about smallpox vaccine is included in this year's review because of increased concerns about the use of smallpox as a weapon of bioterrorism since the world events in recent years. Next, the continued study of the management of hyperbilirubinemia in preventing kernicterus is examined. Finally, the management and prevention of animal-induced injuries is reviewed. In each of these areas, the pediatrician plays a prominent role in promoting the health and well being of children.