Evidence that ovarian innervation plays a role in the regulation of ovarian functions has been widely reported. The present study analyzed the effects of treating neonatal rats with capsaicin on: the onset of puberty, serum hormone levels, timing of first vaginal estrus, ovulation rates, ovarian and uterine weights, follicular development, and noradrenaline concentration in the ovaries. The study was based on two experimental models: untouched rats and hemispayed animals. The results indicate that newborns treated with capsaicin did not show changes in the onset of puberty, though the number of ova shed by these animals was lower than in control rats. The number of follicles counted in the ovaries of newborn, or 3-day old-capsaicin-treated animals, was significantly lower and showed an increase in the number of atretic follicles compared to vehicle treated rats. All capsaicin treated animals copulated, but only 6/23 delivered pups. The number of ova shed by capsaicin-treated animals after eCG or eCG-hCG treatment was significantly lower than in the control group. Present results could indicate that some specific neural information registered in the ovary is sent to the central nervous system, and that such information plays a role in the mechanism regulating ovarian function.