Assessment of tubal patency and evaluation of the uterine cavity should be part of all infertility investigations. Sonohysterography (SHSG), also referred to as saline-enhanced ultrasonography, is being used with increasing frequency for investigation of infertility and other gynaecological indications. Sonohysterography is similar to hysterosalpingography (HSG) in its effectiveness for evaluating tubal patency, and superior to HSG for assessing intrauterine abnormalities. Advantages of SHSG over HSG include the ability to assess extrauterine structures, lack of ionizing radiation, and often better tolerability by the woman being examined. Sonohysterography can offer detailed assessment of the female pelvis, and has the potential to replace HSG as a routine, first-line infertility investigation. This paper discusses the technique and indications for SHSG, and reviews its use in infertility investigation, in particular in the assessment of the uterine cavity and tubal patency.