Postoperative nosocomial infections are associated with increased cost, hospitalization, and morbidity. S. aureus is the most common organism that contributes to postoperative nosocomial infections, and causes up to 25% of these infections. The role of the nose as a reservoir for S. aureus and possible subsequent endogenous infections has been recognized for approximately 40 years. Elimination of nasal carriage of S. aureus may be another intervention aimed at reducing postoperative infections. Mupirocin, a topical antibiotic effective against Gram-positive organisms, was proved to be effective in reducing the rates of nasal colonization of S. aureus and decreased postoperative nosocomial infections due to S. aureus.