As Americans above the age of 65 have become healthier and remain physically active, we are seeing an increase in lower extremity and foot problems. As life expectancy has increased in this fastest growing segment of the population, so have serious age-related problems such as injuries from falls. Periodic lower extremity evaluations and appropriate therapeutic intervention may help to prevent many of these serious and debilitating conditions and injuries. An important aspect of the treatment plan for older adults may include the use of foot orthoses and optimal shoewear.