The samples were processed by pressure dissociation method and by using HNO3-HClO4 as oxidant. The matrix modifiers were PdCl2 for As and (NH4)2HPO4 for Pb. The effects of matrix modifier quantity, ashing temperature, atomization temperature and element interference on the determination of arsenium and lead were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, arsenium and lead in traditional Chinese medicines were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The linear range of calibration curve was 0-300 ng.mL-1 and 0-80 ng.mL-1, the detection limit was 3.75 ng.mL-1 and 1.8 ng.mL-1, the sensitivity was 9.3 ng.mL-1 and 2.6 ng.mL-1, the mean recovery was 95.7% and 99.6%, respectively to As and Pb. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive, accuracy and of high practical application value.