High power transcranial beam steering for ultrasonic brain therapy

Phys Med Biol. 2003 Aug 21;48(16):2577-89. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/48/16/301.

Abstract

A sparse phased array is specially designed for non-invasive ultrasound transskull brain therapy. The array is made of 200 single elements corresponding to a new generation of high power transducers developed in collaboration with Imasonic (Besançon, France). Each element has a surface of 0.5 cm2 and works at 0.9 MHz central frequency with a maximum 20 W cm(-2) intensity on the transducer surface. In order to optimize the steering capabilities of the array, several transducer distributions on a spherical surface are simulated: hexagonal, annular and quasi-random distributions. Using a quasi-random distribution significantly reduces the grating lobes. Furthermore, the simulations show the capability of the quasi-random array to electronically move the focal spot in the vicinity of the geometrical focus (up to +/- 15 mm). Based on the simulation study, the array is constructed and tested. The skull aberrations are corrected by using a time reversal mirror with amplitude correction achieved thanks to an implantable hydrophone, and a sharp focus is obtained through a human skull. Several lesions are induced in fresh liver and brain samples through human skulls, demonstrating the accuracy and the steering capabilities of the system.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

  • Brain / pathology
  • Brain / radiation effects*
  • Brain Diseases / therapy*
  • Computer Simulation
  • Computer-Aided Design
  • Equipment Design
  • Equipment Failure Analysis*
  • Hot Temperature*
  • Humans
  • Liver / pathology
  • Liver / radiation effects*
  • Models, Biological*
  • Radiometry / methods
  • Transducers*
  • Ultrasonic Therapy / instrumentation*
  • Ultrasonic Therapy / methods*