The frequency of health problems in singleton assisted reproductive technologies (ART) babies is higher than in singletons from spontaneous gestations. Any of the following factors may be involved: in-vitro technology, ovarian stimulatory drugs and infertility itself. A literature review on premature birth, low birth weight, perinatal mortality and major birth defects in children conceived from infertility treatments was conducted. Only publications comparing the outcome of pregnancy in an infertile group of patients to a matched control group were selected. The analysis of the outcome of singleton pregnancies resulting from IVF versus artificial insemination, obtained with or without the use of ovarian stimulatory agents and obtained with or without the use of a semen donor, suggests that female infertility is an important risk factor. Criteria for screening at-risk infertile women have not yet been identified. Prospective studies designed to identify precisely the aetiology of health problems in singletons ART babies will have to be conducted. The absence of criteria correlating at-risk infertile women to health problems in their children does not allow a gynaecologist the opportunity to offer infertility treatments to the least susceptible patients.