Objective: To ascertain the extent of the community's preference, needs for and utilization of mental health services, and their socio-demographic determinants in the multi-ethnic Asian community in Singapore. The extent to which need, enabling and predisposing factors determine the likelihood to seek professional help was also examined.
Method: Data were analyzed from the Singapore National Mental Health Survey of 1996, based on a stratified random sample of 2947 Chinese, Malay and Indian subjects of the general population aged 13-64 years.
Results: An estimated 37% of the general population indicated they would seek professional help if they experienced a serious emotional or mental problem. Although 16.9% were determined by their high general health questionnaire (GHQ) score to need mental health services, only 2.6% in the population used the services of any professional caregiver. Among persons with high GHQ scores, only 5.9% sought any professional help. Among those with a high GHQ score and who were receptive to professional help, only 10.4% actually sought professional help. General practitioners were the most commonly preferred caregiver (49.3%), and were used by 41.1% of those who sought help. Those who sought professional help were more likely to have a high GHQ score and to be inclined to seek professional help. Malays used mental health services more than Chinese, but they did not show a significantly greater prevalence of high GHQ scores, or a greater preference to seek professional help. Receptivity to professional help, high GHQ score, and Malay ethnicity were independent significant predictors of use of mental health service.
Conclusion: Need and attitudinal factors predict mental health service utilization, but they still do not explain why a large majority of the population chose not to use mental health services.