Long overall treatment times are detrimental for cure by radiotherapy and it has been argued that this may be due to repopulation occurring during the course of treatment. However, attempts to predict treatment outcome in relation to tumour proliferation, using pretreatment measurements of kinetic parameters such as Tpot or labelling index (LI) have not met with great success. One possible reason is that hypoxia/reoxygenation is linked to the growth of the tumour and its ability to repopulate. Data from studies in animal models have provided support for this possibility. We made measurement of tumour hypoxia, reoxygenation during treatment and pretreatment measurements of both Tpot and LI in groups of patients with cervix carcinoma undergoing radical radiation treatment. The data show a relationship between pretreatment pO2 measurements and treatment outcome, but reoxygenation did not show any association with treatment outcome. There was no significant association between pretreatment kinetic parameters and treatment outcome, nor was there any evidence of a relationship between pretreatment kinetic parameters and pO2. In the small group of 28 patients whose tumours underwent measurements of both pretreatment kinetic parameters (Tpot, LI) and reoxygenation, there was no relationship between these two sets of measurements. There was also no evidence that a combination of kinetic and reoxygenation measurements could be predictive of treatment outcome.