Although a number of epidemiological, biological and clinical studies have been published, the effective role of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric carcinogenesis remains unclear. In the present work we retrospectively compared Helicobacter infection rate, by means of histologic examination of gastric bioptic samples, in 70 patients affected by gastric carcinoma, 70 with ulcerous disease and 70 with non-ulcerous dyspepsia. The analysis was carried out by a single pathologist. The differences between the 3 groups were not statistically significant. From our present and previously reported data, the Helicobacter infection cannot be considered per se a significant risk factor for malignant gastric disease and further studies are needed to evaluate the role of Helicobacter infection in the development of some preneoplastic conditions such as chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia.