First human experiments with a novel non-invasive, non-optical continuous glucose monitoring system

Biosens Bioelectron. 2003 Nov 30;19(3):209-17. doi: 10.1016/s0956-5663(03)00196-9.

Abstract

This paper describes a non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring system based on impedance spectroscopy. Changes in the glucose concentrations can be monitored by varying the frequency in the radio band over a range, optimised to measure the impact of glucose on the impedance pattern. A number of clinical-experimental studies (hyperglycaemic excursions) were performed with healthy subjects in order to prove the applicability of this approach. The sensor used in these experiments is the size of a wristwatch and holds an open resonant circuit coupled to the skin and a circuit, performing an impedance measurement. In most cases, the experiments showed a good correlation between changes in blood glucose and the sensor recordings. A detailed description of the trials is presented. The results of this first series of experiments can be considered as a proof of concept for this novel non-invasive monitoring approach. Nevertheless, partly due to the indirect measurement, a considerable number of questions remain to be clarified.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Comparative Study
  • Validation Study

MeSH terms

  • Blood Glucose / analysis*
  • Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / instrumentation
  • Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / methods
  • Electric Impedance*
  • Equipment Design
  • Equipment Failure Analysis / methods*
  • Forearm / blood supply
  • Forearm / physiology
  • Humans
  • Miniaturization
  • Monitoring, Ambulatory / instrumentation*
  • Monitoring, Ambulatory / methods
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Skin / blood supply
  • Skin Physiological Phenomena*
  • Spectrum Analysis / instrumentation*
  • Spectrum Analysis / methods
  • User-Computer Interface*

Substances

  • Blood Glucose