The effect of early education on patient anxiety while waiting for elective cardiac catheterization

Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2003 Jul;2(2):113-21. doi: 10.1016/S1474-5151(03)00027-6.

Abstract

Background: A supply-demand mismatch with respect to cardiac catheterization (CATH) often results in patients experiencing waiting times that vary from a few weeks to several months. Long delays can impose both physical and psychological distress for patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a psychoeducational nursing intervention at the beginning of the waiting period on patient anxiety during the waiting time for elective CATH.

Methods: This was a 2-group randomized controlled trial. Intervention patients received a nurse-delivered, detailed information/education session within 2 weeks of being placed on the waiting list for elective CATH. Control group patients received usual care.

Results: The mean waiting time for CATH was 13.4+/-7.2 weeks, which did not differ between groups (P=0.509). Anxiety increased in both groups over the waiting time (P=0.028). Health-related quality of life deteriorated over the waiting time in both groups (P<0.05). On a visual analogue scale, there was a significant difference (P=0.002) between the intervention (4.0+/-2.7) and control (5.2+/-3.0) groups in self-reported anxiety 2 weeks prior to CATH.

Conclusions: The waiting period prior to elective CATH has a negative impact on patients' perceived anxiety and quality of life and a simple intervention, provided at the beginning of the waiting period, may positively affect the experience of waiting.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Analysis of Variance
  • Anxiety / diagnosis
  • Anxiety / etiology*
  • Anxiety / prevention & control*
  • Anxiety / psychology
  • Attitude to Health*
  • Cardiac Catheterization / adverse effects
  • Cardiac Catheterization / nursing
  • Cardiac Catheterization / psychology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nurse Clinicians / organization & administration*
  • Nursing Evaluation Research
  • Ontario
  • Patient Education as Topic / organization & administration*
  • Program Evaluation
  • Quality of Life
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Teaching Materials / standards
  • Videotape Recording / standards
  • Waiting Lists*