The success of any total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is influenced by a complex interaction between component geometry and the surrounding soft tissues. The objective of this study was to investigate posterior femoral translation and tibial rotation in a single design posterior-stabilized TKA offering fixed- and mobile-bearing tibial components. Specifically, we examined whether mobile-bearing TKA restores normal knee translation and rotation better than fixed-bearing TKA design. Eleven human knee specimens retrieved postmortem were tested using a robotic system. The translation and rotation of the intact and reconstructed knees were compared. The data indicate that for all knees, posterior femoral translation occurs along the passive path and under muscle loading conditions. Furthermore, increasing flexion angle corresponded with increased internal tibial rotation. Femoral translation and tibial rotation for fixed- and mobile-bearing posterior-stabilized TKAs were similar despite component design variations. However, both arthroplasties only partially restored intact knee translation and rotation. The data presented here may serve as an aid in the development of a rationale for additional improvement in surgical techniques and prosthesis design, so that normal knee function may be restored.