Objectives: We sought to determine the recurrence rate after near-total and subtotal resection of acoustic neuroma.
Study design, setting, and patients: We conducted a retrospective chart review of a total of 79 patients: 50 with near-total resections (remnant < or =25 mm(2) and < or =2 mm thick) and 29 with subtotal resections (any larger remnant). Surgical approach included 5 middle fossa, 17 retrosigmoid, and 57 translabyrinthine.
Main outcome measures: Recurrence was defined as documented tumor growth by serial imaging or the recommendation for further treatment after a single scan. No recurrence was defined as no visible tumor on imaging for a minimum follow-up time of 3 years or tumor remnants that remained unchanged on serial scans (mean, 5-year follow-up).
Results: Fifty-two patients were included in the study group. Recurrences were seen in 1 (3%) of 33 patients who had a near-total resection compared with 6 (32%) of 19 patients who had a subtotal resection. After adjustment for follow-up time and large tumor size, the odds ratio for recurrence was 12 times larger for subtotal than for near-total resections (P = 0.033). All recurrences were seen following the translabyrinthine approach in the mid-cerebellopontine angle. None were encountered in the internal auditory canal. The mean time interval from surgery to the detection of a recurrence was 3 years (range, 1 to 5 years).
Conclusions: The recurrence rate when performing a near-total resection is low but is substantially higher with a subtotal resection. Recurrences can be detected within the first 5 postoperative years. We recommend near-total resection in any patient if needed to preserve neural integrity. Subtotal resection is best avoided whenever possible; however, adjunctive treatment with stereotactic radiotherapy may be considered.