In Wales, in 1988, 119 patients with meningococcal disease were identified, so giving a crude annual incidence of 4.2 patients per 100,000 population. The combined classical clinical features of fever, vomiting, neck stiffness, headache and purpuric rash were identified in only 9% of patients. Fever and vomiting were the commonest symptoms, both being present in 60% of patients. A rash was noted in 77% of patients but neck stiffness in only 39%. Rash was more common in children, headache and photophobia in adults. A total of 13 patients died, the fatality rare increasing with age from 3% in infants to 20% in older teenagers and adults. Only 15% of 75 patients admitted to hospital by general practitioners were known to have received intravenous or intramuscular penicillin before admission as recommended by the Chief Medical Officers of the Health Departments in the U.K. Only 24% of patients received rifampicin to clear nasopharyngeal carriage before or at discharge from hospital. Altogether, 375 household contacts of patients were identified. At least 84% of them received chemoprophylaxis.