Vertebral cryptococcosis simulating tuberculosis

Br J Neurosurg. 2003 Dec;17(6):556-9. doi: 10.1080/02688690310001626868.

Abstract

Infection with the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is seen predominantly in two forms: (a) pulmonary and (b) cerebromeningeal. Skeletal cryptococcosis is uncommon. There have been only occasional case reports of thoracic vertebral cryptococcosis presenting as cord compression. A young female had cervical lymphadenopathy diagnosed as tuberculosis by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and was on antitubercular therapy (ATT) for 5 months. She developed rapidly progressive paraparesis and imaging demonstrated a destructive vertebral body lesion involving T2-3 with a paraspinal abscess producing cord compression. A costotransversectomy with excision of the diseased bone and bone grafting was done. Histopathological examination revealed cryptococcosis. The patient was put on antifungal medication, but expired 2 weeks after surgery. Radiological, magnetic resonance imaging and surgical finding of vertebral cryptococcosis can mimic tuberculosis. The definite diagnosis of cryptococcosis depends upon microscopic identification of the organism. A high index of suspicion leading to early surgical confirmation and institution of anti fungal therapy is necessary to reduce the mortality and morbidity.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Cryptococcosis / complications
  • Cryptococcosis / diagnosis*
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Fatal Outcome
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Spinal Cord Compression / microbiology
  • Spinal Diseases / diagnosis*
  • Thoracic Vertebrae / pathology*
  • Tuberculosis, Spinal / diagnosis