We conducted a prospective, randomized study on 84 consecutive patients with 88 acute, traumatic femoral shaft fractures using 32 Grosse-Kempf nails, 29 Russell-Taylor nails, and 27 Synthes nails. Although total operative times and proximal and distal locking times were similar for the three groups, the procedure was faster with the Grosse-Kempf nail. Three proximal fractures could not be locked with the Synthes nail. At first follow-up, we found no significant difference in terms of pain, limp, range of motion, or time to union; however, we removed fewer Synthes nails to resolve patient complaints of pain. Three delayed unions were attributed to fracture distraction. We conclude that all three nails are suitable for the treatment of almost all femoral shaft fractures. A careful analysis of intraoperative technique and instrumentation indicates that all three nails can be used safely and easily once experience is gained. Clinical outcome is similar regardless of the nail chosen.