The treatment of lipid disorders in athletes presents several unique issues. The effects of exercise on lipid subfractions are explained and the evidence supporting the treatment of dyslipidemia is reviewed. Screening for dyslipidemia with a discussion of novel risk factor assessment is examined. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III treatment guidelines are presented as a template for the management of dyslipidemia in athletes. Special cautions in the use of statins in athletes, as well as complementary and alternative medical treatments are discussed. Treatment regimens must be tailored to both the risk status and sport of each individual athlete.