In this article we review the neural and vascular supply contributing to headache and facial pain. A detailed review of the neuroanatomy, particularly of the trigeminal contribution, was formulated. Emphasis was placed on outlining the dural, supratentorial, and facial structures innervated. A detailed review of the vascular anatomy is performed, with demonstration of the trigeminal innervation of key vascular structures. An outline of pain-sensitive cranial structures is also described. The pathways examined in this article serve as the basis on which concepts of headache and facial pain will build.