The main foundation to veterinary medicine is the availability of laboratory tests. These tests may be performed in-clinic or at diagnostic laboratories. In-clinic testing is advantageous in producing quick results, but demands sound technical ability, basic equipment,and access to some routine and special reagents. Laboratory-based testing can back up those routine techniques that mayor may not be available at the clinic level as well as provide specialized testing. The knowledge of commercially available diagnostic services is important as well as preparation and proper shipping of samples for accurate determinations.