Ligand-free Heck reactions using low Pd-loading

Chem Commun (Camb). 2004 Jul 21:(14):1559-63. doi: 10.1039/b406719n. Epub 2004 Jul 1.

Abstract

Activated and non-activated aryl bromides undergo smooth ligand-less Heck reactions, provided low amounts of palladium salts such as Pd(OAc)2 are used (ideally 0.01-0.1 mol%). This industrially viable process appears to involve palladium nanoparticles.