The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to identify pretransplant and transplant predictors of 1-year survival after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for chronic myelogenous leukemia. Psychosocial and behavioral variables such as alcohol abuse and cigarette smoking were systematically assessed at the time of HSCT with structured diagnostic instruments. A total of 114 patients participated, with an overall 1-year survival rate of 66%. Lifetime alcohol and other substance use, cigarette smoking, depression, and quality of life prior to transplant were not found to affect 1-year survival. However, other clinical variables prior to transplant and once transplant occurred were found to predict survival.