The relationship between the use of cigarettes and other tobacco products and the risk of multiple myeloma was examined in a cohort of nearly 250,000 American veterans followed prospectively for 26 years. Compared with men who had never tobacco, the risk of death from myeloma was not increased among current (relative risk [RR] = 0.9, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.8-1.2) or former (RR = 1.0, CI = 0.8-1.3) cigarette smokers, nor among users of chewing tobacco or snuff (RR = 1.0, CI = 0.4-2.3). Risk was only slightly and nonsignificantly increased among pipe or cigar smokers (RR = 1.2, CI = 0.9-1.5). There was no indication of increasing risk with amount of tobacco used or earlier age at first use. With over 90 percent power to detect a 30 percent increased risk of this tumor occurring among current cigarette smokers, this study provides the strongest evidence to date against an association of cigarette smoking with multiple myeloma.