Diet has been associated with sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. The relationship to the growth rate of adenomas is largely unknown. Previous analyses of our cohort of polyp cases have shown 1) indicators of a healthy diet were inversely associated with adenoma occurrence, 2) diet was related to the fecal profile, 3) obesity was positively associated with adenoma growth, 4) familial predisposition of CRC was positively associated with adenoma growth, and 5) intervention with calcium and antioxidants was not associated with adenoma growth. The present aim was to study the effects of diet on growth and recurrence of adenomas. Data were collected from a 3-yr polyp growth and intervention study. Polyps larger than 9 mm were removed, whereas the remainder and newly discovered polyps smaller than 10 mm were left in situ for 3 yr. Diet was assessed by a 5-day dietary record by weighing (DR) and food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Weak inverse associations were found only between adenoma growth and fruits and berries (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.1-0.9) and carbohydrates (aOR = 0.1; 95% CI = 0.1-0.6; both only DR data) and between adenoma recurrence and vegetables (crude odds ratio, cOR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.1-0.9; only FFQ data). Taken together, the present and previous findings from this cohort may indicate an early role for dietary factors in CRC development.