After completing this article, the reader should be able to: Describe the functional phases and anatomy of swallowing. Detail common underlying causes of dysphagia and their radiographic signs and clinical correlates. List the risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Differentiate the procedures and goals of barium swallow from those of modified barium swallow. Predict future trends in demand for barium contrast imaging exams related to swallowing dysfunction.