Cerbera odollam: a 'suicide tree' and cause of death in the state of Kerala, India

J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Dec;95(2-3):123-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.08.004.

Abstract

Cerbera odollam is a tree belonging to the poisonous Apocynaceae family, which includes the yellow and common oleanders. The seeds are excessively toxic, containing cerberin as the main active cardenolide. Cerbera venenifera, a related species found in Madagascar, has a long history as an ordeal poison, and was responsible for the death of 3000 people per year in previous centuries. The odollam tree is responsible for about 50% of the plant poisoning cases and 10% of the total poisoning cases in Kerala, India. It is used both for suicide and homicide. The aim of this retrospective study is to call attention to a powerful toxic plant that is currently completely ignored by western physicians, chemists, analysts and even coroners and forensic toxicologists.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apocynaceae / poisoning*
  • Cause of Death*
  • Humans
  • India / epidemiology
  • Plant Poisoning / epidemiology*
  • Seeds / poisoning*