Approximately half of the world population is infected with Helicobacter pylori, particularly in developing countries. The aims of the study were to detect H. pylori infection in asymptomatic Turkish subjects, correlate the infection with the associated risk factors, and to evaluate the cytotoxin-associated gene (CagA) status and other H. pylori antigens. Three hundred nine asymptomatic subjects (124 female) 1-82 years of age (average: 31 years) were serologically tested by enzyme immunoassay and immunoblotting. The enzyme immunoassay detected IgG anti-H. pylori antibodies in sera of 216 (70%) out of 309 subjects, 132 (61%) male. Infection rates of 42% in subjects <10 years of age, 55% in 10-19 years, 66% in 20-29 years, 78% in 30-39 years, 79% in 40-49 years, 91% in 50-59 years, 100% in 60-69 years, and 80% in those >70 years of age were detected. Subjects >45 years of age had significantly higher antibody responses, odds ratio = 0.16 (95% confidence interval: 0.07-0.37), than those <45 years. H. pylori infection was significantly higher in married subjects, odds ratio = 0.38 (95% confidence interval: 0.20-0.73), and those with low socioeconomic status. No correlation between gender, education, smoking, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug intake and infection was detected. Immunoblots revealed antibodies to CagA in 58 (83%) of 70 samples tested. H. pylori infection is prevalent in the asymptomatic Turkish subjects. Marital and socioeconomic status was significantly associated with the acquisition of H. pylori. Antibodies to CagA antigen were highly prevalent in these subjects.