Variations on the GFP chromophore: A polypeptide fragmentation within the chromophore revealed in the 2.1-A crystal structure of a nonfluorescent chromoprotein from Anemonia sulcata

J Biol Chem. 2005 Jan 28;280(4):2401-4. doi: 10.1074/jbc.C400484200. Epub 2004 Nov 12.

Abstract

We have determined to 2.1 A resolution the crystal structure of a dark state, kindling fluorescent protein isolated from the sea anemone, Anemonia sulcata. The chromophore sequence Met(63)-Tyr(64)-Gly(65) of the A. sulcata chromoprotein was previously proposed to comprise a 6-membered pyrazine-type heterocycle (Martynov, V. I., Savitsky, A. P., Martynova, N. Y., Savitsky, P. A., Lukyanov, K. A., and Lukyanov, S. A. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 21012-21016). However, our crystallographic data revealed the chromophore to comprise a 5-membered p-hydroxybenzylideneimidazolinone moiety that adopts a non-coplanar trans conformation within the interior of the GFP beta-can fold. Unexpectedly, fragmentation of the polypeptide was found to occur within the chromophore moiety, at the bond between Cys(62C) and Met(63N1.) Our structural data reveal that fragmentation of the chromophore represents an intrinsic, autocatalytic step toward the formation of the mature chromophore within the specific GFP-like proteins.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cloning, Molecular
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Cysteine / chemistry
  • Electrons
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / chemistry*
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / genetics*
  • Luminescent Proteins / chemistry*
  • Methionine / chemistry
  • Peptides / chemistry
  • Protein Conformation
  • Protein Folding
  • Sea Anemones / chemistry*
  • Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

Substances

  • Luminescent Proteins
  • Peptides
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins
  • Methionine
  • Cysteine

Associated data

  • PDB/1XQM