The aim of the present study was to characterize the pharmacological profile of the P2Y(12) receptor for several adenine triphosphate nucleotides in view of their possible roles as partial agonists or true antagonists. Two distinct cellular systems were used: P2Y(1) receptor deficient mouse platelets ( platelets) previously shown to express a native and functional P2Y(12) receptor and 1321 N1 astrocytoma cells stably expressing the human P2Y(12) receptor (1321 N1 P2Y(12)). ADP and its structural analogues inhibited cAMP accumulation in a dose-dependent manner in both platelets and 1321 N1 P2Y(12) cells with a similar rank order of potency, 2 methylthio-ADP (2MeSADP) >>ADP - Adenosine 5'-(betathio) diphosphate (AlphaDPbetaS). Commercial ATP, 2 chloro; ATP (2ClATP) and 2 methylthio-ATP (2MeSATP) also inhibited cAMP accumulation in both cell systems. In contrast, after creatine phosphate (CP)/creatine phosphokinase (CPK) regeneration, adenine triphosphate nucleotides lost their agonistic effect on platelets and behaved as antagonists of ADP (0.5 microm)-induced adenylyl cyclase inhibition with IC(50) of 13.5 +/- 4.8, 838 +/- 610, 1280 +/- 1246 microm for 2MeSATP, ATP and 2ClATP, respectively. In 1321 N1 P2Y(12) cells, CP/CPK regenerated ATP and 2ClATP lost their agonistic effect only when CP/CPK was maintained during the cAMP assay. The stable ATP analogue ATPgammaS antagonized ADPbetaS-induced inhibition of cAMP accumulation in both platelets and 1321 N1 P2Y(12) cells. Thus, ATP and its triphosphate analogues are not agonists but rather antagonists at the P2Y(12) receptor expressed in platelets or transfected cells, provided care is taken to remove diphosphate contaminants and to prevent the generation of diphosphate nucleotide derivatives by cell ectonucleotidases.