Atypical mechanism of regulation of the Wrch-1 Rho family small GTPase

Curr Biol. 2004 Nov 23;14(22):2052-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.011.

Abstract

Rho family GTPases are GDP/GTP-regulated molecular switches that regulate signaling pathways controlling diverse cellular processes. Wrch-1 was identified as a Wnt-1 regulated Cdc42 homolog, upregulated by Wnt1 signaling in Wnt1-transformed mouse mammary cells, and was able to promote formation of filopodia and activate the PAK serine/threonine kinase. Wrch-1 shares significant sequence and functional similarity with the Cdc42 small GTPase. However, Wrch-1 possesses a unique N-terminal 46 amino acid sequence extension that contains putative Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-interacting motifs. We determined the contribution of the N terminus to Wrch-1 regulation and activity. We observed that Wrch-1 possesses properties that distinguish it from Cdc42 and other Rho family GTPases. Unlike Cdc42, Wrch-1 possesses an extremely rapid, intrinsic guanine nucleotide exchange activity. Although the N terminus did not influence GTPase or GDP/GTP cycling activity in vitro, N-terminal truncation of Wrch-1 enhanced its ability to interact with and activate PAK and to cause growth transformation. The N terminus associated with the Grb2 SH3 domain-containing adaptor protein, and this association increased the levels of active Wrch-1 in cells. We propose that Grb2 overcomes N-terminal negative regulation to promote Wrch-1 effector interaction. Thus, Wrch-1 exhibits an atypical model of regulation not seen in other Rho family GTPases.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Blotting, Western
  • DNA Primers
  • Fluorescence Polarization
  • GRB2 Adaptor Protein
  • Gene Expression Regulation*
  • Humans
  • Immunoprecipitation
  • Mice
  • NIH 3T3 Cells
  • Plasmids / genetics
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Pseudopodia / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction / physiology*
  • rho GTP-Binding Proteins / genetics*
  • rho GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
  • src Homology Domains / genetics

Substances

  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
  • DNA Primers
  • GRB2 Adaptor Protein
  • GRB2 protein, human
  • Grb2 protein, mouse
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • RHOU protein, human
  • rho GTP-Binding Proteins