This retrospective chart review study examined the mental health histories and psychiatric medication usage of persons who sought cosmetic surgery. The medical records of 232 patients who had undergone a consultation for a cosmetic procedure were reviewed. The rates of self-reported psychiatric disorders and of psychiatric medication usage of these patients were compared with those of 200 patients who underwent noncosmetic procedures. Nineteen percent of cosmetic surgery patients reported a mental health history, significantly greater than the 4 percent of the noncosmetic patients who reported a psychiatric history. Eighteen percent of the cosmetic patients reported using a psychiatric medication at the time of their consultation, also significantly greater than the 5 percent of the noncosmetic patients who reported psychiatric medication usage. These results underscore the importance of collecting a psychiatric history from prospective cosmetic surgery patients. Recommendations for assessing patients' psychiatric history and status are provided.