Behavioral and hypnotic treatments for insomnia subtypes

Behav Sleep Med. 2003;1(2):81-101. doi: 10.1207/S15402010BSM0102_2.

Abstract

This investigation compared progressive muscle relaxation plus cognitive distraction (PMR/CD), hypothesized to better improve sleep onset, versus sleep restriction and stimulus control (SR/SC), hypothesized to better improve sleep maintenance, versus a flurazepam (Dalmane) positive contrast condition (MED) and a sleep hygiene education minimal treatment control condition (SHE). Participants with chronic insomnia (N = 53), completed 2 baseline weeks of sleep diaries, and were randomly assigned to a treatment group for 2 more weeks. In the second phase, PMR/CD participants were assigned to 2 weeks of PMR/CD + SR/SC + SHE while SHE participants continued SHE. Results indicated that PMR/CD had greater effect upon sleep onset than SR/SC and SHE, SR/SC had greater effect on sleep maintenance than PMR/CD, and MED was better than the other treatments. In the second phase, the treatment package produced modest additional improvements and SHE performed superior to expectations.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Behavior Therapy / methods*
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Electroencephalography
  • Electromyography
  • Female
  • Flurazepam / therapeutic use*
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives / therapeutic use*
  • Male
  • Polysomnography
  • Relaxation Therapy
  • Rest
  • Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / classification*
  • Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / diagnosis
  • Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / therapy*
  • Surveys and Questionnaires

Substances

  • Hypnotics and Sedatives
  • Flurazepam