The cerebral cortex of mammals differentiates into functionally distinct areas that exhibit unique cytoarchitecture, connectivity, and molecular characteristics. Molecular specification of cells fated for limbic cortical areas, based on the expression of the limbic system-associated membrane protein (LAMP), occurs during an early period of brain development. The correlation between this early molecular commitment and formation of specific thalamocortical connections was tested by using a transplantation paradigm. We manipulated the phenotype of donor limbic and sensorimotor neurons by placing them in different cortical areas of host animals. Labeling of transplanted tissue with the lipophilic dye 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3'3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine was used to assay host thalamic neurons projecting to the donor tissue. We found that limbic thalamic axons successfully projected into cortical transplants (i) when LAMP was expressed by early committed limbic cortical neurons, irrespective of their host location, and (ii) when LAMP was expressed by uncommitted sensorimotor progenitor cells whose fate was altered by their new host locale. Thus, the response of cortical neurons to both intrinsic and environmental cues that influence their molecular phenotype has an important anatomical correlate, the development of specific patterns of thalamocortical connectivity.