In 1989 investigations revealed a small scale outbreak of Q fever in the area of Vorderpfalz several kilometers west of the city of Ludwigshafen/Rhein. In 16 cases the diagnosis of Q fever has been serologically confirmed by complement fixation test (CF), the estimated number of unknown cases, however, may be considerable. A flock of sheep was determined as the source of infection. Due to the prevalence of the tick species Dermacentor marginatus, one of the main vectors of the infection, the area is considered one of the natural foci of Q fever. Epidemiological aspects as well as case reports are shown.