DNA polymerases that propagate the eukaryotic DNA replication fork

Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 Mar-Apr;40(2):115-28. doi: 10.1080/10409230590935433.

Abstract

Three DNA polymerases are thought to function at the eukaryotic DNA replication fork. Currently, a coherent model has been derived for the composition and activities of the lagging strand machinery. RNA-DNA primers are initiated by DNA polymerase ot-primase. Loading of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA, dissociates DNA polymerase ca and recruits DNA polymerase S and the flap endonuclease FEN1 for elongation and in preparation for its requirement during maturation, respectively. Nick translation by the strand displacement action of DNA polymerase 8, coupled with the nuclease action of FEN1, results in processive RNA degradation until a proper DNA nick is reached for closure by DNA ligase I. In the event of excessive strand displacement synthesis, other factors, such as the Dna2 nuclease/helicase, are required to trim excess flaps. Paradoxically, the composition and activity of the much simpler leading strand machinery has not been clearly established. The burden of evidence suggests that DNA polymerase E normally replicates this strand,but under conditions of dysfunction, DNA polymerase 8 may substitute.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Chromosomes / genetics
  • Chromosomes / metabolism
  • DNA Primase / metabolism
  • DNA Replication*
  • DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / chemistry
  • DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / metabolism*
  • Eukaryotic Cells / enzymology*
  • Eukaryotic Cells / metabolism
  • Humans

Substances

  • DNA Primase
  • DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase