Feed-forward associative learning for volitional movement control

Neurosci Res. 2005 Jun;52(2):153-65. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2005.02.006. Epub 2005 Mar 24.

Abstract

One of the most difficult problems in motor learning is determining the source of a learning signal, sometimes called an error signal. This problem is hidden in the adaptations of simple reflexive movements by attributing its source to sensory organs. The feed-forward associative motor learning theory proposed here attributes the source to the movement system itself. When a subject performs a corrective movement after his primary movement, the proposed neural learning device learns to associate the primary motor command with the corrective motor command by using a place-coding system. In the subsequent trials, the primary movement will involve a correction due to the participation of this mechanism, thus resulting in better performance. The theory assumes three conditions, namely, that a motor center and the learning device share the same place-encoded motor information; the motor center issues a command and a learning signal simultaneously from the same unit; and a learning signal issued with a corrective command has a heterosynaptic interaction with the previous primary command. The cerebellum is a reasonable candidate for the device satisfying these conditions. The reaction time of a corrective movement, usually 100-300 ms, almost satisfies the coincidence condition for long-term depression of the granule-to-Purkinje synapses. As an application, this theory is demonstrated to account for behavioral results regarding saccadic adaptation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Association Learning / physiology*
  • Brain / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Models, Neurological*
  • Movement / physiology*
  • Neural Pathways / physiology*
  • Volition / physiology*