Abstract
Between January 2001 and December 2003, stool specimens from 262 (45%) of 581 reported outbreaks of gastroenteritis were investigated for noroviruses in Hungary. Specimens collected from outbreaks of non-bacterial gastroenteritis were examined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme immunoassay. In 253 (97%) of 262 outbreaks, norovirus was detected and confirmed by sequencing in 211 (81%). Hospitals (35%), day care centers (30%), and elderly homes (27%) were the most common settings. Diversity and frequency of the genotypes changed over time but with predominance (95%) of genogroup (GG) II strains. Strains grouped into 11 genotypes including an epidemic spread of new-variant GGII4 (Lordsdale virus) and a recently emerged group of natural recombinant strains (GGIIb/Hilversum polymerase) with four capsid types (Hawaii, Mexico, Snow Mountain, and Lordsdale). Clusters of epidemics including food-borne outbreaks were detected. According to this study, noroviruses are the predominant etiological agents causing gastroenteritis outbreaks in Hungary.
(c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Caliciviridae Infections / epidemiology
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Caliciviridae Infections / virology*
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Capsid
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Community-Acquired Infections / epidemiology
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Community-Acquired Infections / virology
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Cross Infection / epidemiology
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Cross Infection / virology
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Disease Outbreaks*
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Feces / virology
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Gastroenteritis / epidemiology*
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Gastroenteritis / virology*
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Genotype
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Humans
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Hungary / epidemiology
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Norovirus / classification*
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Norovirus / genetics
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Norovirus / isolation & purification*
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Phylogeny
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Prevalence
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RNA, Viral / genetics
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Recombination, Genetic
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Sequence Homology
Associated data
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GENBANK/AY672543
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GENBANK/AY672544
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GENBANK/AY672545
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