Fibrin glue is increasingly used in the treatment of anal fistulae. This review aims to establish its longterm efficacy and clarify its role in this setting. A search of Medline and Pubmed databases was performed from 1966 to 2004. Data were collated regarding the type of study, fistula aetiology and complexity, technical aspects of glue application, and short- and long-term healing rates. The majority of studies comprised prospective series with fistulae of mixed aetiology. The overall healing rate was 53% with a wide variation between studies (10%-78%). The only factor that could account for this diversity was fistula complexity, with series including a high proportion of complex fistulae reporting worse outcomes. The quality of data to assess the efficacy of fibrin glue in the treatment of anal fistulae is poor and further clinical trials are needed. Fistula complexity is the main factor that adversely influences long-term healing rates.