Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate apoptotic effects of the glycoprotein (SNL glycoprotein, 150 kDa) isolated from Solanum nigrum Linne, which has been used as an anti-pyretic and anti-cancer agent in folk medicine. We found that the SNL glycoprotein consists of carbohydrate (69.74%) and protein content (30.26%), which has >50% hydrophobic amino acids containing glycine and proline. LDH assay indicated that the SNL glycoprotein has obvious cytotoxic and apoptotic effects (>50% cell death) at 40 microg/ml SNL glycoprotein for 2 h in HT-29 cells. The results showed that the SNL glycoprotein has a stimulatory effect on the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, cleavages of pro-caspase-9, pro-caspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins in HT-29 cells. However, the SNL glycoprotein did not significantly stimulate or change the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results of this experiment suggest that the SNL glycoprotein activates caspase-3 in HT-29 cells, independent of ROS.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Apoptosis / drug effects
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Blotting, Western
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Caspase 3
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Caspase 9
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Caspase Inhibitors
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Caspases / metabolism*
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Cell Survival / drug effects
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Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Cytochromes c / metabolism*
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DNA Fragmentation / drug effects
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Enzyme Activation / drug effects
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Glycine / genetics
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Glycine / metabolism
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Glycoproteins / genetics
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Glycoproteins / metabolism
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Glycoproteins / pharmacology*
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HT29 Cells
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Humans
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Intracellular Space / drug effects
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Intracellular Space / metabolism
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L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / metabolism
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Oligopeptides / pharmacology
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Plant Proteins / genetics
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Plant Proteins / metabolism
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Plant Proteins / pharmacology*
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Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / metabolism
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Proline / genetics
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Proline / metabolism
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Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
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Solanum nigrum / chemistry*
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Time Factors
Substances
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Caspase Inhibitors
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Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors
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Glycoproteins
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Oligopeptides
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Plant Proteins
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Reactive Oxygen Species
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acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal
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Cytochromes c
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Proline
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L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
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Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases
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CASP3 protein, human
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CASP9 protein, human
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Caspase 3
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Caspase 9
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Caspases
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Glycine