Abstract
Several studies have shown the ability of retinoids to modulate inflammatory response. CXCL16/SR-PSOX is a novel protein functioning as a chemokine and a scavenger receptor. We investigated effects of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) on CXCL16/SR-PSOX expression in several cell types. Real-time PCR showed that atRA increased CXCL16/SR-PSOX mRNA expression in THP-1 and endothelial cells, which corresponded to increased release of CXCL16 protein from the cells, measured by ELISA. In THP-1 cells this effect was reduced by retinoic acid receptor (RAR) antagonist, which indicates receptor-mediated inhibition. RAR-alpha and RAR-gamma agonists increased CXCL16 release, which suggests RAR-mediated effect of atRA, which is not selective for a particular RAR subtype. In smooth muscle cells, up-regulation of CXCL16 mRNA was observed only after 96 h of treatment, while protein expression did not change. These findings suggest that retinoid signaling might be a pathway modulating inflammatory response by regulating CXCL16 expression in a cell-specific manner.
Publication types
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Comparative Study
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Cell Line
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Chemokine CXCL16
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Chemokines, CXC / genetics*
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Chemokines, CXC / metabolism
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Culture Media, Conditioned / chemistry
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Endothelial Cells / cytology
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Endothelial Cells / drug effects
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Endothelial Cells / metabolism
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Gene Expression / drug effects*
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Humans
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Monocytes / cytology
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Monocytes / drug effects
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Monocytes / metabolism
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Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / cytology
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Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / drug effects
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Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / metabolism
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RNA, Messenger / genetics
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RNA, Messenger / metabolism
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid / agonists
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid / antagonists & inhibitors
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Receptors, Scavenger / genetics*
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Receptors, Scavenger / metabolism
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Retinoids / pharmacology
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Time Factors
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Tretinoin / pharmacology*
Substances
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CD 666
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CXCL16 protein, human
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Chemokine CXCL16
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Chemokines, CXC
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Culture Media, Conditioned
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RNA, Messenger
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid
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Receptors, Scavenger
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Retinoids
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Tretinoin